Summary
Charizanis Georgios, Monasticism in Thrace during the Byzantine Centuries
In this study is presented the question of monasticism in the region of Thrace during the early, middle and late byzantine period. We examine the appearance, the area, the organisation of various monasteries and monastic centres and the types of monastic life. We also proceed in a detailed presentation, in chronological order, of the byzantine monasteries of Thrace, with the exception of those of Constantinople. The study consists of the introduction and five parts. In the introduction are examined the causes of appearance and the geographical spread of monasticism. There is also a brief presentation of the administrative and ecclesiastical organisation of the byzantine Thrace. In the first part, an answer is given to the question of chronological appearance of monasticism in the examined area. Monasticism came in Thrace from the East (Syria,Egypt) during the last decades of the 4th century. The first monasteries in Constantinople and the castellion (=fortified monastery) of Halmyrissos were founded during the period mentioned above. In the second part, is stated that after the end of the iconoclastic persecutions (843), monasticism in Thrace started to flourish. Among the other monasteries, two monastic centres of great importance made their appearance during the 10th and 11th centuries : Ganos and Papikion. The prosperity and development of monasticism in Thrace continued in the late byzantine period (third part). At that time the famous monasteries of Theotokos Petritzonitissa near Stenimachos (1083) and Theometor Kosmosoteira in Vera (1151-52) were established, as well as the important monastic centre of Paroria by Gregorios Sinaites (14th century). The fourth part deals with certain monasteries of Thrace, which, according to the tradition and other theories, are believed to have been established during byzantine centuries. It reffers also to the lands, vineyards, pastures and properties that some monasteries outside Thrace had in this region. In the fifth and last part is concluded that one of the most important characteristics of monasticism in Thrace was the coexistence between monks who lived in solitude and monastic communities; in addition the social welfare and the cultural contribution of monasticism in Thrace were undoubted. Finally it is also demonstrated that the Ottoman conquest of Thrace (2nd half of the 14th century) had serious consequences and caused a lot of disturbances to the monastic life and stability of monasticism in Thrace.
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